4.3.1. PRI's for asterisk
1.1. PRI
PRI is an abbreviation for Primary Rate Interface and is a telecommunication standard for carrying multiple data or voice DS0 transmissions between 2 physical locations.
All data and voice channels are (ISDN) and operate at 64 kbit/s.
North America and Japan use a T1 of 23 B channels and one D channel. Europe, Australia and most of the rest of the world use a slightly higher capacity E1 of 30 B channels and one D channel.
A B-channel is used to transmit the voice or data and is sometimes also called a user channel, a D channel is used for control messages and signalling.
In some T1 configurations, no D-channels might be used, instead the signalling will be sent inband over the B channels, this is called in-band signalling or bit robbing, resulting in lower transmission rates than the E-carrier system. This resulted in many US ISDN installations only having an effective data rate of 56 kbit/s over a nominal 64 kbit/s channel. See also A&B. This depends on the framing format used.
In the states its common to order a fractional T1, with less than 23 B channels.
All data and voice channels are (ISDN) and operate at 64 kbit/s.
North America and Japan use a T1 of 23 B channels and one D channel. Europe, Australia and most of the rest of the world use a slightly higher capacity E1 of 30 B channels and one D channel.
A B-channel is used to transmit the voice or data and is sometimes also called a user channel, a D channel is used for control messages and signalling.
In some T1 configurations, no D-channels might be used, instead the signalling will be sent inband over the B channels, this is called in-band signalling or bit robbing, resulting in lower transmission rates than the E-carrier system. This resulted in many US ISDN installations only having an effective data rate of 56 kbit/s over a nominal 64 kbit/s channel. See also A&B. This depends on the framing format used.
In the states its common to order a fractional T1, with less than 23 B channels.
1.3. signalling
On both E1 and T1, one timeslot is usually reserved for a D-channel for call setup and call teardown. (called signalling).
- CAS: Channel associated Signalling: with this kind of signalling, a set of bits is used to replicate opening and closing the circuit (as if picking up the telephone receiver and pulsing digits on a rotary phone), or using tone signalling which is passed through on the voice circuits themselves.
- CCS: Common Channel signalling: A more recent kind of signalling, (ISDN signalling and ss7 signalling are a subgroup of CCS signalling.) In this kind of signalling, short messages are sent over the signalling channel, with more information about the call, including caller ID, type of transmission required, etc. etc.
On both E1 and T1, one timeslot is usually reserved for a D-channel for call setup and call teardown. (called signalling).
- CAS: Channel associated Signalling: with this kind of signalling, a set of bits is used to replicate opening and closing the circuit (as if picking up the telephone receiver and pulsing digits on a rotary phone), or using tone signalling which is passed through on the voice circuits themselves.
- CCS: Common Channel signalling: A more recent kind of signalling, (ISDN signalling and ss7 signalling are a subgroup of CCS signalling.) In this kind of signalling, short messages are sent over the signalling channel, with more information about the call, including caller ID, type of transmission required, etc. etc.
1.4. Framing
- HDB3
- AMI: Aternate Mark Inversion
- B8ZS:
- AMI: Aternate Mark Inversion
- B8ZS:
1.5. Timing or clock sources
A PRI connection needs a timing device on one of both ends.
A PRI line can be clocked internally or can be clocked by the telco.
See more about this in the zaptel pri howto.
A PRI connection needs a timing device on one of both ends.
A PRI line can be clocked internally or can be clocked by the telco.
See more about this in the zaptel pri howto.
pridialplan=dynamic
<neonet2006> I am trying to terminate on a gateway (hooked up to a PRI) the PRI provider needs to see specific ton and npi
<neonet2006> national/isdn
references:
PRI on wikipedia
E1 on wikipedia
HDB3 signalling on wikipedia
B8ZS on wikipedia
T1 on wikipedia
ISDN on wikipedia
E&M on wikipedia
AMI framing on wikipedia
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